Vacuum yekuomesa michina inouya mumhando dzakawanda, ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa, uye iri kukura nekukurumidza. Chinyorwa ichi chinotarisa maitiro ekusimudzira epamba uye epasirese emarudzi akati wandei emidziyo yekuomesa vacuum, nechinangwa chekufambisa shanduko yeruzivo, kuona matambudziko anofanirwa kugadziriswa mukugadzirwa kwemidziyo yekuomesa vacuum, nekuvandudza mwero wemidziyo yekuomesa vacuum munyika yangu.
Vacuum drying ine zvakawanda zvakanakira: kuomeswa nekutsikirira kwakaderera kunoguma nekushomeka kweokisijeni, kudzivirira oxidation uye kuparara kwezvinhu zvakaomeswa, uye kubvumira kuomeswa kwezvinhu zvinopisa uye zvinoputika zvinokuvadza; inobvumira kupfakanyika kwemwando mumidziyo patembiricha yakaderera, zvichiita kuti kuomesa kupisa kuve nyore-zvinhu zvinonzwa; inogona kudzorera zvakakosha uye zvinobatsira zvikamu kubva kune yakaomeswa zvinhu; uye inogona kudzivirira kubudiswa kwezvinhu zvine chepfu uye zvinokuvadza kubva kune yakaomeswa zvinhu, zvichiita kuti ive yakagadzikana yezvakatipoteredza "yegirini" yekuomesa nzira. Naizvozvo, kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekuomesa vacuum kuri kuwedzera kupararira.
Izvo zvakanyanya kuipa kwevacuum kuomeswa ndiko kudiwa kwevacuum system inokwanisa kupomba mhute yemvura, zvichikonzera kukwirisa kwemidziyo mari uye mari yekushandisa; uye kuderera kwekugadzirwa kwekugadzira uye kuburitsa kudiki. Masayendisiti akawanda nemainjiniya akaita nhamburiko huru kuti akunde zvikanganiso izvi. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwezvizhinji zvakanakira kuomesa vacuum, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kushandisa vacuum yekuomesa michina. Naizvozvo, kuvandudzwa kwemidziyo yekuomesa vacuum ine ramangwana rinovimbisa.
1. Kusaenzana Kuvandudzwa kweInoenderera mberi Vacuum Drying Equipment Mumba uye Kunyika
Kuti uvandudze kubuda kwemidziyo uye kuve nechokwadi chemhando yechigadzirwa, mhando dzakasiyana dzeinoenderera mberi vacuum yekuomesa michina yakagadzirwa kunze kwenyika kupfuura makore gumi apfuura. Nekudaro, muChina, nekuda kwekugumira padanho retekinoroji uye maonero eruzhinji, budiriro yave kunonoka.
1) Bhandi-mhando yeContinuous Vacuum Drying Equipment
Bhandi reWL-VAQ-mhando yekuomesa yevacuum inogadzirwa neHisaka Works, Japan, inokodzera kuomesa mvura, slurries, paste, uye yakakwirira-yakadzika uye yakakwirira-viscosity zvinhu. BV-100.5 vacuum belt-chidziviriro chekuomesa chinoramba chichigadzirwa neOkawara Corporation, Japan, chinoshandisa chiutsi nekudziisa, chine tembiricha inogoneka muchikamu chega chega uye tension yebhandi rekutakura uye nekumhanya. Bucher{1}
Kubva 1995, kambani yanga ichishanda mukugadzira, kugadzira, kuisa, uye sevhisi yebhandi{1}}mhando inoenderera mberi vacuum yekuomesa michina, uye tekinoroji yayo yatokura. Domestic inoenderera bhandi vacuum drying michina haina kujairika. Muna 2004, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences yakabudirira kugadzira kamuchina kadiki -yekuedza kuomesa hupfu hwebhanana, iyo yakaratidza zvibereko zvakanaka.
2) Inopfuurira Vacuum Drying Equipment yezviyo
Kuomeswa kwezviyo kunosanganisira huwandu hukuru, hunoda midziyo yekuomesa inoenderera. Kare, nyika zhinji dzakagadzira michina yekuomesera zviyo zvakasiyana, asi kuomeswa kwezviyo kwainyanya kushandiswa pakuomesa mbeu nekuda kwekudhura. Zvisinei, iyi ipfungwa isiriyo. Sekureva kwaSenior Engineer He Xiang anobva kuZhengzhou Grain Science Research and Design Institute, michina yavo yekuomesa yechibage inoramba iripo ine simba rekugadzira 60 t/d. Iyo yakagadziriswa mari yakakwira zvishoma pane inopisa kuomeswa kwemhepo, asi mari yekushandisa inofananidzwa. Tichifunga nezvehutano hwechigadzirwa chakaomeswa, kusanganisira kuparara kwehuwandu uye kuputika kwehuwandu panguva yekuomeswa, mari yose yevacuum kuomeswa pamhepo yakadzika haisi yakakwirira kudarika kupisa kwemhepo.
3) Kuenderera mberi Vacuum Freeze-Drying Equipment
Nezvekudya zvakawandisa, huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwezviyo{0}zvakaomeswa zvakakura kwazvo. Naizvozvo, midziyo yekuomesa chikafu inoramba ichiomesa{2}}yakakurumidza kuoneka. Muna 1985, kambani yekuDanish yeATLAS yakagadzira CONRAD-800 yekuomesa nechando{7}}michina yekuomesa nechando{13}}inoomesa kofi, inokwanisa kugadzira matani gumi nematatu pazuva. Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza dhizaini remuchina uyu. Mufananidzo 3 unoratidza muchina unoramba uchiomesa nechando unogadzirwa muGermany.
Yekutanga kugadzirwa mumusha inoenderera mberi yekuomesa yechando-michina yekuomesa yakabudirira kugadzirwa neShenyang Refrigeration Technology Research Institute muna 2000. Imba yevacuum inotora chimiro chine rectangular, ine mahwendefa ega ega pakati peinopinza/inobuditsa nekamuri yekuomesa. Mudzimba dzekupinda nekubuda nadzo dzine masisitimu ekuyeresa otomatiki kuona mwero wekuomeswa, mwero wekubvisa mvura, uye dhigirii rekuomeswa kwechikafu chakaomeswa nechando{{3}. Misungo miviri yekunze yemvura inoshanda zvakachinjana kuti iwane kuenderera mberi kwekuteya mvura uye kunyungudika kwechando.
Pane mukaha wakakura mukutengeswa kwemidziyo yekuomesa nechando- pakati pemisika yemuno neyekunze. Kubva 1985 kusvika 1990, kambani yeDanish yeATLAS yakatengesa mayunitsi gumi nemasere ekuomesa nechando-, imwe yakatengwa neTaiwan, ukuwo China haisati yaunza michina yemhando iyi, uye imwe chete yakagadzirwa mukati haisati yatengeswa.
2. Yakasiyana-siyana yevacuum yekuomesa michina iri kuwedzera mukati uye kune dzimwe nyika.
Mhando dzakasiyana siyana uye dzakasiyana dzevacuum yekuomesa michina yakagadziridzwa nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana.
1) Microwave vacuum yekuomesa michina inochengetedza simba uye inowedzera kuomesa nekukurumidza.
2) Kuomesa nechando-midziyo yekuomesa inosanganisa kupfapfaidza nekuomesa nechando-kuomesa, zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye goho rechigadzirwa. Mushonga wacho unofanira kunge uri mvura inonyungudika, inoumba micro- uye nano-zviyero zvimedu mushure mekufiritwa nechando, zvichiwedzera kuoma uye kunatsiridza goho rechigadzirwa.
3) Vacuum vapor-phase drying equipment inonyanya kushandiswa kuomesa oiri hombe-ma transformer akanyudzwa nezvimwe midziyo yemagetsi yakafanana. Switzerland yakagadzira chigadzirwa ichi muma1970s. nyika yangu yakaunza michina iyi muma1980s, uye mushure memakore ekuma1990, tekinoroji yakave yakanyanya kufananidzwa, uye seti yakakwana yemidziyo ikozvino inogona kugadzirwa mukati.
4) Murabhoritari midiki-kuomesa midzi-midziyo yekuomesa: Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa nezvikoro nemasangano etsvakurudzo, murabhoritari midiki yakati wandei-michina yekuomesa ine mabasa akasiyana-siyana yakagadzirwa munyika muno nekunze kwenyika. Mifananidzo 4-7 inoratidza madiki akati wandei-zviyero zvemurabhoritari zvekuomesa chando-zvakagadzirwa naMartinChrist wekuGermany, zvidiki mukukura, kureruka, uye{11}}zvinoshanda zvakawanda. Ivo vanogona chaizvo kusangana nechando-kuomesa zviedzo zvezvinhu zvakasiyana. Vagadziri vedzimba vakati wandei, vakaita seHaimen Light Industry Machinery Factory No{13}}, vatanga kuenzanisa nekuzivisa magadzirirwo, kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva, kunyange hazvo kuita kwavo kusati kwanyatsogadzikana.
Single-chamber system
Mumamiriro ekunze, zvese -kuomesa nechando uye kuomeswa kunoitwa mukamuri yecondensation.
Kaviri-chamber system
Pre{{0}kuomesa chando kunoitwa mufiriji inodziya yakaderera kana kuti rotary freezer, uye kuyanika kunoitwa mukamuri rekuomesera riri pamusoro pekamuri yekutsikisa.
5) Isai-kuomesa patsanuro mhando yemishonga yechando-muomesa
Zvokuomesa chikafu-zvinoparadzanisa kuomesa nechando kuchengetedza simba, kuchengetedza nguva, uye kuwedzera goho. Zvokuomesa zvechinyakare zvechivanhu{2}}zvinoomesa nechando uye kuomesa mumuchina nechinhanho chimwe. Mamwe makambani ekuWestern Europe neUnited States, kuti azadzise zvinangwa zvakafanana nekuomesa chikafu-kuomeswa, pre-kuomesa mishonga uye ozoitumira kunoomesa. Mufananidzo 8 unoratidza mufananidzo wemushonga unoramba uripo- usati watonhora.
3. Mabasa emidziyo yekuomesa vacuum ari kuwedzera.
Nekufambira mberi kwemagetsi uye tekinoroji yekombuta, masisitimu ekudzora uye mabasa ekuratidzira emidziyo yekuomesa vacuum akawedzera. Iyo chibage vacuum yekuomesa michina yakagadzirwa neZhengzhou Grain Science Research Institute ine otomatiki kudzora uye inoteedzera skrini yekuratidzira mabasa; vacuum freeze dryer anogadzirwa nevagadziri vakaita seShanghai Dongfulong neBeijing Suyuan ane mabasa akawanda anosanganisira kuomesa chando-kuomesa magumo, kuomesa{2}}dhizaini yekuomesa curve, kutarisisa mamiriro ekushanda, kuchengetwa kwechando chakawanda-kuomesa macurves, uye kudhinda ruzivo rwekugadzira.
Zvekune dzimwe nyika vacuum yekuomesa michina kazhinji ine mamwe mabasa, mazhinji ayo anosanganisira marobhoti maoko esampling uye kuyedza panguva yekuomesa; imwe rotary vacuum yekuomesa michina ine kupwanya uye granulation mabasa; mishonga yekuomesa chando-michina yekuomesa inogonawo kuita granulation.
4. Maonero akati wandei paKuvandudzwa kweVacuum Drying Equipment
1) Innovation ndiyo nzira yakakosha yekubuda mukugadzirwa kwevacuum yekuomesa michina
Parizvino, kugadzirwa kwevacuum drying equipment kuri kunonoka. Chimwe chikonzero chakakosha kutevedzerana, zvichikonzera kumira pamwero wetekinoroji uye kushomeka kwehunyanzvi. Kune simba rakasimba uye nekukurumidza mukutevedzera, asi pfungwa isina simba yekuvandudza uye kusakwana kwekudyara. Makwikwi anotariswa pamusika wekugovanisa, kuvaka hukama, uye hondo dzemitengo. Nzira iri nani zvishoma inosanganisira kuedza kwemhando uye mushure me-sevhisi yekutengesa. Zvisinei, idzi hadzisi nzira dzakanaka dzekugadzira vacuum drying equipment; kuisa mari muzviwanikwa zvevanhu, zvinhu, uye mari zvinodikanwa pakuvandudza.
2) Kuchengetedza magetsi ndiyo kiyi yekuvandudza kwevacuum yekuomesa michina
Kushaikwa kwemagetsi kwakwezva vanhu pasi rose. Kufunga kwechinyakare kunobata kuti vacuum yekuomesa midziyo inoshandisa simba rakawanda nekuti inoda pombi yevacuum. Nekudaro, pane kushomeka kweiyo chaiyo simba rekushandisa kuenzanisa kwekuomesa zvinhu zvakafanana kune imwechete mwando. Sezvineiwo, vacuum drying ishoma-kuwomeswa kwe tembiricha munzvimbo yakavharwa, zvichiita kuti simba rive shoma. Zvakadaro, kuchengetedza simba mumidziyo yekuomesa vacuum kunoramba kwakakosha pakukura kwayo. Kuenzaniswa nemamwe marudzi emidziyo yekuomesa, iyo inotarisisa yekuchengetedza simba muvacuum yekuomesa midziyo inofanirwa kunge iri pane inonzwisisika dhizaini, sarudzo, uye kushandiswa kwevacuum system.
Iko hakuna akawanda vacuum masisitimu anokwanisa kupomba mhute yemvura. Parizvino, pane zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: imwe ndiyo pombi inokwanisa kupomba mhute yemvura zvakananga, kunyanya kusanganisira mapombi ejet emvura, mapombi ejet eutsi, pombi dzemhete dzemvura, uye pombi dzakanyorova Midzi; imwe yacho iri kushandisa condensation kubata mvura. Nzira dzose dziri mbiri dzine simba rakati-rakawanda. Kutungamira kwekuchengetedza simba kune yekutanga kunofanirwa kuve yekuvandudza kugona kwekupomba kwepombi; Mafambiro ekuchengetedza simba kune yekupedzisira kugadzira zvimiro uye kunyatsoshanda kwemafuta emidziyo yakaita segasi-solid phase heat exchangers. 3) Kuenderera mberi vacuum drying equipment inzira yakakosha yekuwedzera goho rechigadzirwa uye kuchengetedza simba.
Kuenzaniswa nebatch vacuum yekuomesa midziyo, inoenderera mberi vacuum yekuomesa michina inoda shoma yekubatsira nguva, kuchengetedza nguva uye kuwedzera kuburitsa. Uyezve, kusiyana nebatch vacuum yekuomesa michina, haidi kuti tembiricha yemidziyo ichinjike neyega yega kutenderera kwekugadzira, nekudaro kudzivirira kutambisa simba nekuda kwekudzokororwa kupisa kwemidziyo yemidziyo. Nokudaro, inochengetedza simba.
4) Kubatanidza vacuum yekuomesa michina nedzimwe nzira dzekuomesa inzira yekugadzira inofanirwa kukurudzirwa.
Kubatanidza kuomeswa kwevacuum nedzimwe nzira dzekuomesa zvinogona kuvandudza kugadzirwa uye kuderedza mutengo wechigadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, kune zvigadzirwa zvakaita semiriwo, zvigadzirwa zvemumvura, uye michero, vacuum drying inogona kuve nechokwadi chemhando yechigadzirwa. Kana, mushure mekuchenesa uye blanching, zvigadzirwa zvakaiswa centrifuged kuti zvibvise mvura yepamusoro uye zvobva zvaomeswa nemhepo inotonhora zvisati zvatumirwa kune vacuum yekuomesera michina, kuvandudza kwakakosha mukubudirira kwekugadzira uye kuderedzwa kwemitengo yekugadzira kunogona kuwanikwa. Kubatanidza kuomeswa nekupfapfaidza nekuomesa chando-kuomesawo mumwe musanganiswa wakadaro.
Nzira dzakawanda dzakafanana dzekubatanidza dzinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekuedza, kunyange izvi zvinoda nguva yakawanda, simba, uye mari.
5. Mhedziso
Vacuum drying equipment inogara ichigadzirwa. Zvisinei, pachine matambudziko akawanda. Kana indasitiri, dzidzo, uye masangano ekutsvagisa achigona kushandirapamwe, mhedzisiro inotonyanya kukosha.